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Skincare ingredient dictionary

What each ingredient does, who it suits, what to watch out for, and what it pairs well with.

Retinoids

Retinol

A vitamin A derivative that speeds up skin cell turnover. It is one of the most studied ingredients for texture, fine lines and clogged pores.

Benefits & 11 pairings →
Antioxidants

Vitamin C

An antioxidant that brightens the look of dull skin and dark spots and helps defend against daily environmental stress.

Benefits & 9 pairings →
Brightening

Tranexamic Acid

A brightening ingredient used for stubborn dark spots and uneven tone, usually well tolerated.

Benefits & 2 pairings →
Peptides

Peptides

Short chains of amino acids used in anti-aging products to support firmness and smoothness.

Benefits & 2 pairings →
Exfoliating acids

Salicylic Acid

An oil-soluble exfoliant that gets into pores, making it a go-to for blackheads, clogged pores and oily skin.

Benefits & 6 pairings →
Exfoliating acids

Glycolic Acid

The smallest alpha hydroxy acid. It dissolves the bonds between dead surface cells to reveal smoother, brighter-looking skin.

Benefits & 6 pairings →
Exfoliating acids

Lactic Acid

A gentler alpha hydroxy acid that exfoliates while also helping the skin hold on to water.

Benefits & 1 pairing →
Acne actives

Benzoyl Peroxide

An over-the-counter acne ingredient that reduces acne-causing bacteria on the skin.

Benefits & 4 pairings →
Acne actives

Azelaic Acid

A gentle acid that helps with redness, breakouts and dark marks, and is often tolerated by sensitive skin.

Benefits & 2 pairings →
Vitamins

Niacinamide

A gentle, multitasking form of vitamin B3 that supports the skin barrier, helps balance oil and evens out the look of tone.

Benefits & 8 pairings →
Humectants

Hyaluronic Acid

A humectant that draws water into the top layers of skin, making it look plumper and feel less tight.

Benefits & 5 pairings →
Barrier lipids

Ceramides

Lipids that make up a large part of the skin barrier. Adding them back helps skin hold moisture and stay comfortable.

Benefits & 2 pairings →
Emollients

Squalane

A lightweight, stable oil that softens skin and locks in moisture without feeling greasy.

Benefits & watch-outs →
Soothing botanicals

Centella Asiatica

A plant extract known as "cica", used to soothe the look of redness and support stressed skin.

Benefits & 1 pairing →
Sunscreen filters

Zinc Oxide

A mineral UV filter that protects against both UVA and UVB rays and is gentle on sensitive skin.

Benefits & 1 pairing →
Potential irritants

Fragrance (Parfum)

Added scent in skincare. It does nothing for skin and is one of the most common causes of cosmetic allergies.

Benefits & watch-outs →
Potential irritants

Alcohol Denat.

A drying alcohol used to make formulas feel light and dry down fast. High amounts can irritate dry or sensitive skin.

Benefits & watch-outs →

Most asked: what not to mix

See all 30 combinations →